---
title: Angleščina
date: 2025-08-26
description:
keywords: angleščina, angleški jezik, anglistika
---

# Angleščina

## Zaimki

### Osebni zaimki

| sklon \ oseba | 1. ed. | 2. ed. | 3. ed. | 1. mn. | 2. mn. | 3. mn. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| imenovalnik (*nominative*) | *I* (jaz) | *you* (ti, st. Vi),<br>st. *thou* (ti) | *he* (on),<br>*she* (ona),<br>*it* (ono) | *we* (mi) | *you* (vi) | *they* (oni) |
| ~ tožilnik (*oblique*) | *me* (mene) | *you* (tebe) | *him* (njega),<br>*her* (nje/njo),<br>*it* (tistega) | *us* (nas) | *you* (vas) | *them* (njih) |

Osebni zaimki v starejši angleščini:

| sklon \ oseba | 1. ed. | 2. ed. | 3. ed. | 1. mn. | 2. mn. | 3. mn. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| imenovalnik (*nominative*) | *I* (jaz) | *thou* (ti),<br>*you* (Vi) | *he* (on),<br>*she* (ona),<br>*it* (ono) | *we* (mi) | *you* (vi) | *they* (oni) |
| ~ tožilnik (*oblique*) | *me* (mene) | *thee* (tebe),<br>*you* (Vas) | *him* (njega),<br>*her* (nje/njo),<br>*it* (tistega) | *us* (nas) | *you* (vas) | *them* (njih) |

### Svojilni zaimki

| sklon \ oseba | 1. ed. | 2. ed. | 3. ed. | 1. mn. | 2. mn. | 3. mn. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| imenovalnik | *my*/*mine* (moj) | *your* (tvoj) | *his* (njegov),<br>*her* (njen),<br>*its* | *our* (naš) | *your* (vaš) | *their* (njihov) |
| ~tožilnik | *mine* (mojega) | *yours* (tvojega) | *his* (njegovega),<br>*hers* (njenega),<br>*its* | *ours* (našega) | *yours* (vašega) | *theirs* (njigovega) |

Svojilni zaimki v starejši angleščini:

| sklon \ oseba | 1. ed. | 2. ed. | 3. ed. | 1. mn. | 2. mn. | 3. mn. |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| imenovalnik | *my*/*mine* (moj) | *thy*/*thine* (tvoj),<br>*your* (Vaš) | *his* (njegov),<br>*her* (njen),<br>*its* | *our* (naš) | *ye*, *your* (vaš) | *their* (njihov) |
| ~tožilnik | *mine* (mojega) | *thine* (tvojega),<br>*yours* (Vašega) | *his* (njegovega),<br>*hers* (njenega),<br>*its* | *ours* (našega) | *yours* (vašega) | *theirs* (njigovega) |

## Osebne glagolske oblike

| zaimek | os. gl. o. |
| --- | --- |
| *I* | *am* |
| *he*/*she* | *is* [gl.]-*(e)s* |
| *you* | *are* |
| *thou* | *art* [gl.]-*(e)(s)t* |

## Časi

Oblike glagolov so označene z:

- [1. o.] \(npr. *be*, *drive*, *walk*),
- [2. o.] \(npr. *was/were*, *drove*, *walked*),
- [3. o.] \(npr. *been*, *driven*, *walked*).

| način \ čas | preteklik (*past tense*) | sedanjik (*present tense*) | prihodnjik (*future tense*) |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| navadni (*simple*) | **navadni preteklik** (*past simple t.*)<br>-*ed*/[2. o.] | **navadni sedanjik** (*present simple t.*)<br>\[1. o.](-*s*) | **navadni prihodnjik** (*future simple t.*)<br>*will* / *{am/is/are} going to* + [1. o.] |
| opisni (*continuous*) | **opisni preteklik** (*past continuous t.*)<br>*was/were* + [1. o.]-*ing* | **opisni sedanjik** (*present continuous t.*)<br>*am/is/are* + [1. o.]-*ing* | **opisni prihodnjik** (*future continuous t.*)<br>*will be* + [1. o.]-*ing* |
| dovršni (*perfect*) | **predpreteklik** / dovršni preteklik (*past perfect t.*)<br>*had* + -*ed*/[3. o.] | **dovršni sedanjik** (*present perfect t.*)<br>*has/have* + -*ed*/[3. o.] | **dovršni prihodnjik** (*future perfect t.*)<br>*will* + *has/have* + -*ed*/[3. o.] |
| opisnodovršni (*perfect continuous*) | **opisnodovršni preteklik** (*past perfect continuous t.*)<br>*had been* + [1. o.]-*ing* | **opisnodovršni sedanjik** (*present perfect continuous t.*)<br>*has/have been* + [1. o.]-*ing* | **opisnodovršni prihodnjik** (*future perfect continuous t.*)<br>*will have been* + [1. o.]-*ing* |

## Veliki samoglasniški prehod
*Great Vowel Shift*

<img src="/images/knjiznica/Great_Vowel_Shift.svg" class="obrnljiva"/>

Veliki samoglasniški prehod je največji krivec za to, da se angleščina izgovarja tako drugače kot se zapiše. Samoglasniki se namreč zapisujejo tako, kot so se izgovarjali pred tem prehodom.

| prej (do 15. stol.) | prehodno (16. in 17. stol.) | potem (po 17. stol.) | primeri |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| [iː] | > /ei/ > /ɛi/ > | [aɪ] | *b**i**te* |
| [eː] | > /iː/ > | [iː] | *m**ee**t* |
| [ɛː] | > /ɛː/ > /eː/ > | [iː] | *m**ea**t*, *ser**e**ne* |
| [aː] | > /æː/ > /ɛː/ > | [eɪ] | *m**a**te* |
| [uː] | > /ou/ > /ɔu/ > | [aʊ] | ***ou**t* |
| [oː] | > /uː/ > | [uː] | *b**oo**t* |
| [ɔː] | > /ɔː/ > /oː/ > | [oʊ] | *b**oa**t*, *st**o**ne* |

Dvoglasniki:

| prej | potem | primeri |
| ---  | --- | --- |
| [æɪ] | [eɪ] | *d**ay***, *th**ey*** |
| [ɔɪ] | [ɔɪ] | *b**oy*** |
| [ʊɪ] | [ɔɪ] | *p**oi**nt* |
| [ɑʊ] | [ɔː] | *l**aw*** |
| [eʊ] | [juː] | *kn**ew*** |
| [ɛʊ] | [juː] | *d**ew** |
| [ɔʊ] | [oʊ] | *kn**ow*** |

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## Zunanje povezave in viri

- [OED – British English Pronunciations](https://www.oed.com/information/understanding-entries/pronunciation/british-english-pronunciations/) – izgovorjava v britanski angleščini
- [Merriam Webster](https://www.merriam-webster.com/) – slovar angleškega jezika