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Angleščina

Zaimki

Osebni zaimki

sklon  oseba 1. ed. 2. ed. 3. ed. 1. mn. 2. mn. 3. mn.
imenovalnik (nominative) I (jaz) you (ti, st. Vi),
st. thou (ti)		 he (on),
she (ona),
it (ono)		 we (mi) you (vi) they (oni)
~ tožilnik (oblique) me (mene) you (tebe) him (njega),
her (nje/njo),
it (tistega)		 us (nas) you (vas) them (njih)

Osebni zaimki v starejši angleščini:

sklon  oseba 1. ed. 2. ed. 3. ed. 1. mn. 2. mn. 3. mn.
imenovalnik (nominative) I (jaz) thou (ti),
you (Vi)		 he (on),
she (ona),
it (ono)		 we (mi) you (vi) they (oni)
~ tožilnik (oblique) me (mene) thee (tebe),
you (Vas)		 him (njega),
her (nje/njo),
it (tistega)		 us (nas) you (vas) them (njih)

Svojilni zaimki

sklon  oseba 1. ed. 2. ed. 3. ed. 1. mn. 2. mn. 3. mn.
imenovalnik my/mine (moj) your (tvoj) his (njegov),
her (njen),
its		 our (naš) your (vaš) their (njihov)
~tožilnik mine (mojega) yours (tvojega) his (njegovega),
hers (njenega),
its		 ours (našega) yours (vašega) theirs (njigovega)

Svojilni zaimki v starejši angleščini:

sklon  oseba 1. ed. 2. ed. 3. ed. 1. mn. 2. mn. 3. mn.
imenovalnik my/mine (moj) thy/thine (tvoj),
your (Vaš)		 his (njegov),
her (njen),
its		 our (naš) ye, your (vaš) their (njihov)
~tožilnik mine (mojega) thine (tvojega),
yours (Vašega)		 his (njegovega),
hers (njenega),
its		 ours (našega) yours (vašega) theirs (njigovega)

Osebne glagolske oblike

zaimek os. gl. o.
I am
he/she is [gl.]-(e)s
you are
thou art [gl.]-(e)(s)t

Časi

Oblike glagolov so označene z:

način  čas preteklik (past tense) sedanjik (present tense) prihodnjik (future tense)
navadni (simple) navadni preteklik (past simple t.)
-ed/[2. o.]		 navadni sedanjik (present simple t.)
[1. o.](-s)		 navadni prihodnjik (future simple t.)
will / {am/is/are} going to + [1. o.]
opisni (continuous) opisni preteklik (past continuous t.)
was/were + [1. o.]-ing		 opisni sedanjik (present continuous t.)
am/is/are + [1. o.]-ing		 opisni prihodnjik (future continuous t.)
will be + [1. o.]-ing
dovršni (perfect) predpreteklik / dovršni preteklik (past perfect t.)
had + -ed/[3. o.]		 dovršni sedanjik (present perfect t.)
has/have + -ed/[3. o.]		 dovršni prihodnjik (future perfect t.)
will + has/have + -ed/[3. o.]
opisnodovršni (perfect continuous) opisnodovršni preteklik (past perfect continuous t.)
had been + [1. o.]-ing		 opisnodovršni sedanjik (present perfect continuous t.)
has/have been + [1. o.]-ing		 opisnodovršni prihodnjik (future perfect continuous t.)
will have been + [1. o.]-ing

Veliki samoglasniški prehod

Great Vowel Shift

Veliki samoglasniški prehod je največji krivec za to, da se angleščina izgovarja tako drugače kot se zapiše. Samoglasniki se namreč zapisujejo tako, kot so se izgovarjali pred tem prehodom.

prej (do 15. stol.) prehodno (16. in 17. stol.) potem (po 17. stol.) primeri
[iː] > /ei/ > /ɛi/ > [aɪ] bite
[eː] > /iː/ > [iː] meet
[ɛː] > /ɛː/ > /eː/ > [iː] meat, serene
[aː] > /æː/ > /ɛː/ > [eɪ] mate
[uː] > /ou/ > /ɔu/ > [aʊ] out
[oː] > /uː/ > [uː] boot
[ɔː] > /ɔː/ > /oː/ > [oʊ] boat, stone

Dvoglasniki:

prej potem primeri
[æɪ] [eɪ] day, they
[ɔɪ] [ɔɪ] boy
[ʊɪ] [ɔɪ] point
[ɑʊ] [ɔː] law
[eʊ] [juː] knew
[ɛʊ] [juː] *dew
[ɔʊ] [oʊ] know

Zunanje povezave in viri